Perfect and Monopolistic Competition
Perfect Competition vs. Monopoly: Who Really Sets the Price? In the real world, the pricing of goods and services can fluctuate wildly due to a plethora of economic and social factors. However, over time, economists have developed various models to simulate real-world pricing but in differing conditions; while there are, of course, multiple models, the two models that occupy opposing ends of the spectrum are … Continue reading Perfect and Monopolistic Competition
Japan and its Rice Crises
When you think of the Japanese economy, what immediately comes to your mind? The supposed “lost decade”, its deflationary policies or zero interest rates that reduce the effectiveness of its fiscal policies? Or perhaps, you think more positively, zooming in on the advanced technology industry or its high investments in human capital. But what you probably didn’t think about, unless you read the title, were … Continue reading Japan and its Rice Crises
The Basic Two Sector Model
Economics is the study of complex interactions between different agents of society—individuals, businesses, governments, and the global economy. Economic models make these interactions easier to understand. The most fundamental example is the two-sector model of the circular flow of income, which focuses on how economic activity is conducted through these interactions. The two-sector model provides the foundation for understanding how income is generated, distributed, and spent. … Continue reading The Basic Two Sector Model
EV Subsidies
This essay considers whether current electric vehicle (EV) subsidy policies are effective in reducing carbon emissions, focusing especially on how consumer behaviour and usage patterns impact net carbon emissions. There are four different premises and possible situations for buyers who are considering the adoption of EVs. Firstly, households that currently own no vehicle and will purchase an EV. Alternatively a buyer that owns an ICEV (Internal … Continue reading EV Subsidies
News Briefing 14/11/25
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AI and the Labour Force
When the steam engine transformed industry in the 19th century, economists redefined how they measured growth and economic productivity. Today, two centuries later, artificial intelligence poses a similar challenge, except now the developments and changes come from AI algorithms and not machinery or infrastructure. The world of AI automation is growing rapidly and is enabling people to fully automate tasks that were once performed by humans. … Continue reading AI and the Labour Force
The Economics of Ozempic
The economics of Ozempic We’ve all heard of Ozempic at one point or another. Our favorite celebrities (including Oprah Winfrey and Elon Musk) use Ozempic/similar drugs daily. Ozempic, or Semaglutide, was originally a prescription drug for type 2 diabetes; however, it is now one of the most well-known weight-loss drugs, as it is known to actively reduce appetite and reduce body weight by 15%. Its … Continue reading The Economics of Ozempic
The Solow-Swan Growth Model
What is The Solow Growth Model? Also known as the Solow-Swan model, the Solow growth model is a foundational economic framework often used to explain and recognise trends in long-run economic growth. It does this by looking at factors like capital accumulation, labour growth and productivity increases (often driven by technological progress). Structure, Mathematics and Assumptions N.B. this model assumes constant returns to scale, exogenous … Continue reading The Solow-Swan Growth Model
The Dangers of a Cashless Economy
The Dangers of a Cashless Economy Historically, currency has always been physical; whether that be in the form of £20 notes, gold coins or farm animals, the exchange of value has almost always occurred through the exchange of tangible objects. However, as the world progresses, currency evolves with it and the 2000s have seen the rise of contactless payments, cryptocurrencies and digital money as the … Continue reading The Dangers of a Cashless Economy
News Briefing 30/09/25
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